![]() This thesis shows optimized designs of LEDs, solar cells and biosensors. With this method existing designs of for example LEDs can be made more efficient iteratively. On this so-called reciprocity principle, which was discovered by Henrik Antoon Lorentz, a very efficient computational optimalisation method can be based. It is shown that an efficient LED which radiates light, can be treated as a solar cell that absorbs as much of the incoming light as possible. ![]() In this thesis, we describe a method to calculate the interaction of light with these small structures. With such small structures light can be manipulated in a special way. LEDs, solar cells and biosensors have in common that they consist of small structures of the order of the wavelength of the light. Other devices such as photovoltaic solar cells and biosensors can also be made more efficient and cheaper. LEDs can be much more efficient, when part of the emitted light that is currently trapped in the device, could be radiated out of the device. The main advantages are its energy efficiency and long lifetime. LED lighting is about to replace the common light bulb. ![]() ![]() In the next decade, several applications of nanotechnology will change our lives.
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